1990~2000년까지 우리나라에서는 형법이론의 출발지인 독일보다도 훨씬 더 세세하고 복잡하게 형법이론이 주장되고 전개되었다. 이후 객관주의 시대에 제정된 우리 형법이 그 이후 고도로 발전된 형법이론에 맞추어 새롭게 개정되지 않았다는 점에 기인하는 바가 크다. 그러나 다행스럽게도 2000년대 이후 우리 학계는 형법제정당시의 입법자의 의사를 대폭 고려하여 조문을 분석함으로써 판례를 포용하기 시작하였고 판례 역시 학계의 논의를 상당부분 수용함으로써 양자 간의 극간이 점점 좁혀지고 있다. 무엇보다도 국가고시의 형법 시험문제는 판례를 중심으로 출제되고 있다. 본서는 이러한 상황을 감안하여 학설의 태도를 소개한 정확히 다음, 이를 토대로 판례를 철저히 분석·정리하는 데에 모든 역량을 집중하였다.
필자는 15년 이상을 법원직, 국가직을 비롯하여 변호사시험, 사법시험, 5급공채(행시), 경찰직, 법원 행시, 법무사, 경찰승진, 법원사무관승진 등 다양한 직렬에서 형사법 강의를 진행하면서 어떠한 방향으로 출제경향이 변하는지를 직접 목도하였다. 본서는 필자의 다양한 경험, 학계의 흐름, 판례의 방향을 철저히 분석하여 수험적인 관점에서 독자들이 가장 효율적으로 형법이라는 과목에 접근하고 내용을 이해하여 고득점을 획득할 수 있느냐에 모든 서술을 집중하였다. 본서의 제목인 NFT 란 Non Fungible Tutor의 약칭이다. 본서의 제목과 같이 대체불가능한 교재가 될 수 있도록 필자는 집필과정에 심혈을 기울였다.
본서의 특징
1. 형법이론의 손쉬운 정리 형법이론에 대한 정확한 이해와 간결한 정리는 본서가 추구하는 최고의 목표이다. 본서는 이론을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 다양하고 풍부한 예를 함께 실었으며, 각주를 통해 독일과 우리 형법의 차이, 형법제정시의 입법자의 의도 등을 부연하였습니다.
2. 형사법학회 선정 표준판례 전면수록
최근 상당수의 수험생들이 책에서 못 보던 판례들이 출제된 것 같다는 말을 한다. 심지어는 지금 까지와는 출제경향이 상당히 달라진듯하다는 말도 한다. 2020년 형사법학회는 법학전문대학원협의 회의 의뢰로 형법표준판례를 선정하였고, 이렇게 선정된 표준판례는 비단 변호사시험뿐만 아니라 국가직, 경찰직, 법원행시 등 모든 국가고시에 전면반영되어 출제되고 있다. 지금까지 수험서에서 주목하지 않은 판례들이 상당수 소개되다보니 이를 반영한 시험에서는 수험생들이 출제범위가 뒤바뀐 듯한 느낌을 받을 수밖에 없었을 것이다. 본서는 기본서 가운데 최초로 표준판례 543선을 철저히 반영하여 수록하였고, 標準 이라는 표시를 해 둠으로써 학습편의를 도모하였다.
3. 최신판례와 최신개정법령의 철저한 반영
본서가 집필되는 과정에서도 계속적으로 최신판례가 선고되었고 형법과 특별법들이 차례로 개정되 었다. 본서는 2022년 3월. 현재를 기준으로 모든 최신판례와 개정법령을 꼼꼼히 반영하였다. 아쉬운 점이 있다면, 낙태죄와 관련하여 헌법재판소의 헌법불합치결정의 취지에 따라 2021.1.1.자로 낙태죄는 효력을 상실하였음에도 불구하고 국회에서 입법개선을 하지 못함으로써, 관련 내용을 반영 하지 못한 채, 다만 정부제출안과 논의의 상황만을 소개할 수밖에 없었다.
4. 기출문제의 완전분석 합격 당락의 변수는 누가 기출문제의 분석을 통한 출제경향을 정확하게 파악하느냐에 달려있다.
기출문제의 출제경향을 정확히 분석하여 효율적으로 공부한다면 단기에 고득점을 얻을 수 있다.
이에 본서는 변호사시험, 법학전문대학원주관 모의시험, 법원행시, 사법시험, 법원직, 경찰직, 경찰 승진, 경찰간부, 국가직, 법무사, 법원행시 등 국가고시 전반을 철저히 분석하여 집필하였다.
5. 판례정리의 체계화·집중화 시험 유형별로 차이가 있겠지만 형법 시험에서 판례가 차지하는 비중이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이처럼 판례의 정복이 합격의 당락을 좌우하게 되는 상황에서는 판례에 대한 단순한 암기보다는 판례 요지의 이해를 통한 접근태도를 형성하는 것이 가장 신속하게 판례를 정리하는 방법이다. 이에 본서는 중요한 판례는 그 요지와 사실관계 및 결론까지 한눈에 숙지하도록 집필하였다. 특히, 표준판 례를 중심으로 한 핵심판례는 본문에 먼저 소개하고, 본문서술 뒷편에는 판례를 유형화하여 정리 함으로써 학습의 효율을 도모하고 있다.
맺음말
본서가 집필되는 과정에 많은 분들의 도움이 있었다. 교재의 집필방향과 편집, 인쇄 전과정에서 아이디어를 제공해주고 교정·편집 등에 있어 헌신의 노력을 해준 이종배 선생님, 홍민교팀장, 김백 선실장, 문지수대리에게 감사의 말씀을 전한다. 무엇보다 본서로 수험을 준비하고 실무를 집행하는 모든 독자들이 필자의 스승이었다. 모든 독자들이 합격의 기쁨을 만끽하기를 기원하며 본서의 서문을 마무리하기로 한다.
2022. 3. 10.
필자 정주형
형법 총론
제1편 서론
제1장?형법의 기본개념
제1절 형법의 의의 ····························································································· 3
제2절 형법의 기능 ···························································································· 4
제3절 형법이론 ································································································ 6
제4절 죄형법정주의 ··························································································· 7
제2장?형법의 적용범위
제1절 시간적 적용범위 ···················································································· 30
제2절 장소적 적용범위 ···················································································· 41
제1항 입법주의 / 41
제2항 형법의 태도 / 41
제3절 인적 적용범위 ······················································································· 47
제2편 범죄론
제1장?범죄론의 기초
제1절 범죄의 의의와 종류 ··············································································· 51
제1항 범죄의 개념 / 51
제2항 범죄의 성립요건·처벌조건·소추조건 / 51
제3항 범죄의 종류 / 54
제2절 행위론 ··································································································· 60
제3절 범죄체계론 ···························································································· 61
제2장?구성요건론
제1절 구성요건 이론 ······················································································· 62
제1항 서설 / 62
제2항 구성요건 요소 / 65
제2절 행위반가치와 결과반가치 ······································································ 67
제3절 범죄의 주체와 객체 ·············································································· 70
제1항 범죄(행위)의 주체 / 70
제2항 범죄(행위)의 객체와 보호의 객체 / 74
제4절 부작위범 ································································································ 75
제1항 서설 / 75
제2항 부작위범의 성립요건 / 78
제3항 부작위범의 처벌 / 86
제4항 관련문제 / 86
제5절 인과관계와 객관적 귀속이론 ································································· 89
제1항 인과관계 / 89
제2항 객관적 귀속이론 / 96
제6절 구성요건적 고의 ·················································································· 100
제1항 서설 / 100
제2항 고의의 본질과 내용 / 100
제3항 고의의 종류 / 103
제4항 고의의 존재시기 / 107
제7절 구성요건적 착오(사실의 착오) ····························································· 108
제1항 서설 / 108
제2항 구성요건적 착오의 종류 / 108
제3항 구성요건적 착오와 고의의 성부 / 109
제4항 관련문제 / 112
제8절 과실범 ·································································································· 113
제1항 서설 / 114
제2항 과실범의 성립요건 / 117
제3항 객관적 주의의무의 제한원리 / 121
제4항 관련문제 / 129
제9절 결과적 가중범 ····················································································· 130
제1항 서설 / 130 제2항 결과적 가중범의 성립요건 / 133
차 례
제3항 관련문제 / 137
제3장?위법성론
제1절 위법성의 일반이론 ················································································ 141
제1항 서설 / 141
제2항 위법성조각사유 / 142
제2절 정당방위 ······························································································ 144
제1항 서설 / 144
제2항 정당방위의 성립요건 / 145
제3항 과잉방위와 오상방위 / 155
제3절 긴급피난 ······························································································ 158
제1항 서설 / 158
제2항 긴급피난의 성립요건 / 159
제3항 긴급피난의 효과와 특칙 / 164
제4항 과잉피난과 오상피난 / 165
제5항 의무의 충돌 / 165
제4절 자구행위 ······························································································ 168
제1항 서설 / 168
제2항 성립요건 / 169
제3항 자구행위의 효과 / 172
제5절 피해자의 승낙 ······················································································ 173
제1항 서설 / 173
제2항 피해자 승낙의 성립요건 / 175
제3항 피해자 승낙의 효과 / 179
제4항 추정적 승낙 / 180
제6절 정당행위 ······························································································ 183
제1항 의의 / 183
제2항 법령에 의한 행위 / 183
제3항 업무로 인한 행위 / 193
제4항 사회상규에 위배되지 않는 행위 / 197
제4장?책임론
제1절 책임이론 ······························································································ 208
제1항 서설 / 208
제2항 책임의 근거 / 209
제3항 책임의 본질 / 210
제2절 책임능력 ······························································································ 212
제1항 서설 / 212
제2항 책임무능력자 / 213
제3항 한정책임능력자 / 219
제4항 원인에 있어서 자유로운 행위 / 221
제3절 위법성의 인식 ····················································································· 225
제4절 법률의 착오(금지착오) ········································································ 229
제5절 위법성조각사유의 전제사실에 대한 착오의 효과 ································ 238
제6절 기대가능성 ·························································································· 241
제1항 서설 / 241
제2항 강요된 행위 / 246
제5장?미수론
제1절 범죄의 실현단계 ·················································································· 250
제2절 예비·음모죄 ······················································································· 251
제1항 서설 / 251
제2항 예비죄의 성립요건 / 252
제3항 예비죄의 처벌 / 255
제4항 관련문제 / 257
제3절 미수범의 일반이론 ·············································································· 259
제1항 서설 / 259
제2항 미수범의 체계와 처벌 / 260
제4절 장애미수 ····························································································· 262
제1항 의의 / 262
제2항 장애미수의 성립요건 / 262
제3항 처벌 / 272
차 례
제5절 중지미수 ······························································································ 273
제1항 의의 / 273
제2항 중지미수의 성립요건 / 273
제3항 처벌 / 277
제4항 공범과 중지미수 / 278
제6절 불능미수 ····························································································· 280
제1항 의의 / 280
제2항 구별개념 / 280
제3항 불능미수의 성립요건 / 282
제4항 불능미수의 처벌 / 286
제6장?정범 및 공범론
제1절 정범과 공범의 일반이론 ······································································ 287
제1항 공범의 분류 / 287
제2항 정범과 공범의 구별 / 291
제3항 공범의 종속성 / 293
제4항 공범의 처벌근거 / 296
제2절 공동정범이론 ······················································································· 297
제1항 서설 / 297
제2항 공동정범의 성립요건 / 299
제3항 공동정범의 처벌 / 314
제3절 간접정범 ······························································································ 319
제1항 간접정범의 개념 / 319
제2항 간접정범의 성립요건 / 319
제3항 처벌 / 324
제4항 관련문제 / 325
제4절 교사범 ································································································· 328
제1항 서설 / 328
제2항 교사범의 성립요건 / 329
제3항 교사의 미수 / 334
제4항 교사의 착오 / 335
제5항 교사범의 처벌 / 337
제6항 관련문제 / 338
제5절 종범(방조범) ························································································ 339
제1항 서설 / 339 제2항 종범의 성립요건 / 340 제3항 종범의 처벌 / 348
제4항 종범의 착오 기타 / 349
제6절 공범과 신분 ························································································ 350
제1항 서설 / 350
제2항 제33조의 해석 / 352
제3항 소극적 신분과 공범 / 352
제7장?죄수론
제1절 죄수의 일반이론 ·················································································· 360
제1항 죄수론의 의의 / 360
제2항 죄수결정의 기준 / 360
제2절 일 죄 ·································································································· 363
제1항 서설 / 363
제2항 법조경합 / 363
제3항 포괄일죄 / 372
제3절 수 죄 ··································································································· 377
제1항 서설 / 377
제2항 상상적 경합 / 377
제3항 실체적 경합 / 383
제3편 형벌론
제1절 형벌의 종류 ························································································· 395
제1항 서설 / 395
제2항 사형 / 395
제3항 자유형 / 396
제4항 재산형 / 396
제5항 명예형 / 408
차 례
제2절 형의 양정(양형) ·················································································· 408
제1항 서설 / 408
제2항 형의 가중·감경·면제 / 411
제3항 형의 가중·감경례 / 418
제4항 양형의 조건 / 420
제5항 판결선고전 구금일수의 산입과 판결의 공시 / 421
제3절 누 범 ··································································································· 423
제1항 서설 / 423
제2항 누범가중의 요건 / 424
제3항 누범의 효과 / 427
제4절 형의 유예제도 ····················································································· 428
제1항 선고유예 / 428
제2항 집행유예 / 431
제3항 가석방 / 438
제5절 형의 시효와 소멸 ················································································ 442
제1항 형의 시효 / 442
제2항 형의 소멸·실효·복권·사면 / 444
제6절 보안처분 ······························································································ 447
제1항 보안처분의 일반론 / 447
제2항 보안처분의 종류 / 447
제3항 현행법상의 보안처분 / 448
